CONSIDERATIONS TO KNOW ABOUT - LITHIUM NIOBATE CRYSTAL

In 1993 Kuz’minov and Osiko identified that the ‘disturbance�?of stoichiometry in LN crystals is primarily mainly because of the insufficient oxygen in Nb2O5, employed being a raw product First melt (Czochralski technique) [186]. Appropriately, dependant upon its production engineering, niobium pentoxide can adopt a wide range of compositions